三北防护林新无性系-美青杂种系列引进与苗期选择     

宋保民  高志华  王明智  刘玉军  任祥成  杨自湘 《防护林科技》2001,(3):13-15

１９９８年春从中国林科院的实验点甘肃临夏回族自治州林科所引入北方型美洲黑杨（Ｐ．ｄｅｌｔｏｉｄｅｓ）×青杨（Ｐ．ｃａｔｈａｙａｎａ）杂种无性系　１３７个,扦插在内蒙奈曼旗兴隆沼林场二分场。１９９８年秋选出　１３个无性系,加入我地区新近确定的推广无性系──白城　４１作对照,１９９９年建无性系测试圃,２０００年春平茬,２０００年秋对这　１３个无性系生长量和抗性的调查与评价,以白城　４１为对照,初步选择出　１０个无性系,高生长较对照大　３０％以上的有　４个,２０％以上　５个;径生长大　５０％的　３个,３０％以上　２个,２０％以上　４个;所有无性系的抗锈病情况都好于对照。为丰富三北地区营造杨树农田防护林品种和改善三北地区杨树品种单一的问题有望选出新无性系。  相似文献   

Comparison of three different inhalant anesthetic agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane) in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)     

Granone TD  de Francisco ON  Killos MB  Quandt JE  Mandsager RE  Graham LF 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2012,39(1):29-37

Objective To compare isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane for inhalant anesthesia in red‐tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) in terms of the speed and characteristics of induction; cardiovascular and respiratory parameters while anesthetized; and speed and quality of recovery. Study design Prospective, cross over, randomized experimental study. Animals 12 healthy adult red‐tailed hawks. Methods Anesthesia was induced with isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane in oxygen via face mask in a crossover, randomized design with a 1 week washout period between each treatment. Hawks were tracheally intubated, allowed to breathe spontaneously, and instrumented for cardiopulmonary monitoring. Data collected included heart rate, respiratory rate, end‐tidal CO₂, inspired and expired agent, SpO_2, temperature, systolic blood pressure, time to intubation and time to recovery (tracking). Recovery was subjectively scored on a 4 point scale as well as a summary evaluation, by a single blinded observer. Results No significant difference in time to induction and time to extubation was noted with the administration of isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane. Time to the ability of the bird to follow a moving object with its eyes (tracking) was significantly faster with the administration of sevoflurane and desflurane. All recoveries were scored 1 or 2 and were assessed as good to excellent. No significant difference was noted in heart rate, blood pressure and temperature among the three inhalants. Administration of isoflurane resulted in lower respiratory rates. Conclusions and clinical relevance Overall, although isoflurane remains the most common inhaled anesthetic in avian practice, sevoflurane and desflurane both offer faster time to tracking, while similar changes in cardiopulmonary function were observed with each agent during anesthesia of healthy red‐tailed hawks.  相似文献   

In vivo administration of acepromazine or promethazine to horse decreases the reactive oxygen species production response of subsequently isolated neutrophils to stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate     

F. PÉTERS  T. FRANCK  M. PEQUITO  G. de la REBIÈRE  S. GRULKE  A. SALCCICIA  D. VERWILGHEN  L. CHIAVACCINI  G. DEBY-DUPONT  & D. SERTEYN 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2009,32(6):541-547

The previous experiments have shown that some phenothiazines have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro . In this study the inhibition of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils was studied in two groups of horses, which received a dose of 0.1 mg/kg of either acepromazine or promethazine intravenously. Blood samples were collected before (T0) and 0.5, 1, 3 and 5 h after drug administration. The chemiluminescence (CML) response of neutrophils was measured ex vivo in the presence of luminol for a period of 10 min and the maximum CML value (peak value) recorded. There was a significant inhibition of the ROS production in the acepromazine treated group (49% inhibition) at 5 h after administration and in the promethazine group (24% inhibition) at 3 h after administration ( P  < 0.05 vs. T0). These findings are of therapeutic relevance in the use of phenothiazines in equine patients with inflammatory diseases where neutrophil activation and ROS production are implicated.  相似文献   

Circulating Metabolic Hormones During the Peripubertal Period and Their Association with Testicular Development in Bulls     

LFC Brito  AD Barth  NC Rawlings  RE Wilde  DH Crews Jr    PS Mir  JP Kastelic 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(5):502-508

The objective of the present study was to characterize changes in serum metabolic hormones concentrations from 20 weeks before to 20 weeks post-puberty in bulls and to investigate the associations of metabolic hormones concentrations with testicular development. Leptin concentrations increased from 16 weeks before puberty to 8 weeks post-puberty and insulin concentrations increased from puberty to 8 weeks post-puberty. Growth hormone concentrations decreased after 4 weeks post-puberty, whereas IGF-I concentrations increased from 8 weeks before puberty to 8 weeks post-puberty. During this period, testicular growth was accelerated and testosterone secretion increased substantially, without any significant changes in gonadotropin secretion. Monthly circulating concentrations of leptin, IGF-I and insulin accounted for 63% of the variation in scrotal circumference and 59% of the variation in paired testes volume. In conclusion, the secretion of metabolic hormones was not associated with changes in gonadotropins concentrations. Furthermore, the associations of leptin, IGF-I and insulin concentrations with testes size indicated that these hormones might be involved in a gonadotropin-independent mechanism regulating the testicular development in peripubertal bulls.  相似文献   

Effect of breed of cattle on innate resistance to infection with <i>Babesia bovis, B bigemina and Anaplasma marginale     

RE BOCK  AJ de  VOS  TG KINGSTON  DJ McLELLAN 《Australian veterinary journal》1997,75(5):337-340

Objective To assess the innate resistance of naive Bos taurus, Bos taurus cross Bos indicus and Bos indicus cattle to virulent Babesia bovis, B bigemina and Anaplasma marginale parasites. Design Groups of 10, pure B indicus, fi B indicus cross,/B indicus cross and pure B taurus steers were infected with virulent B bovis, B bigemina and A marginale parasites. Procedure Sequential infections were carried out by intravenous inoculation of infected blood containing 1 times 10⁸ parasites of B bovis, followed by B bigemina and then A marginale. To assess resistance, measurements were made of parasitaemia, rectal temperature, packed cell volume and the number within a group requiring chemotherapy to control infection. There was a recovery period between each infection. Results Infection with B bovis showed that pure B indicus steers were significantly more resistant to B bovis infection than the other groups, with none of this group requiring treatment. There was no significant difference between fi B indicus cross and/B indicus cross with 30% and 20%, respectively, of steers in these groups requiring treatment. The pure B taurus steers were significantly more affected then those in the other three groups with 80% requiring treatment. Infections of B bigemina produced a mild response in comparison to that of B bovis and none of the steers required treatment. However, the pure B taurus group was significantly more affected than the other three groups for all other measurements. After the A marginale infection, B indicus steers were moderately affected with 50% requiring treatment, whereas 70% of the fi B indicus group, 80% of the /B indicus cross group and 100% of the pure B taurus group required treatment. Conclusions All breeds of cattle, ranging from pure B indicus to pure B taurus may be at risk of severe disease if exposed to virulent A marginale. The results confirm that pure B indicus cattle are relatively resistant to B bovis, but there could be a significant risk of severe mortalities if cross-bred herds are exposed to virulent infection.  相似文献   

Managing animal wellbeing: a preliminary survey of pig farmers     

RL Wilson  PK Holyoake  GM Cronin  RE Doyle 《Australian veterinary journal》2014,92(6):206-212

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马家塔露天矿生态复垦区土壤养分状况研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李戎凤  胡春元  王义  任余艳  赵国平 《内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,28(2):106-110

本文系统研究了神东矿区马家塔露天采坑复垦区土壤养分状况,结果显示:复垦区土壤基本上为原始回填土,剖面层次不发育,成土程度很低;土壤机械组成以砾石、粗沙为主,含量高达90%。有机质、含碱解氮含量略高于未受扰动的原状土壤,但速磷、速钾含量均低于原状土壤,总体评价土壤属于养分贫乏型;成土程度低、养分含量少是农林业生产水平不高的主要原因。研究表明通过改良复垦工艺以及提高复垦区生产管理水平是提高土地生产力的主要措施。  相似文献   

Myxomatosis of the Depilated Angora rabbit. A Preliminary Study     

JEAN-PIERRE GANIÈRE  JEAN-MARIE GOURREAU  DJANE MONTABORD  MICHEL RIVE  JEAN CHANTAL 《Veterinary dermatology》1991,2(1):11-15

Abstract— A nodular eruption occurring on the skin of depilated Angora rabbits was studied at 47 rabbit farms in 1988. Virus isolation, electron microscopy, transmission experiments and comparison with experimental infection using recognised strains of myxoma virus confirmed that the disease was myxomatosis. The disease occurred particularly in July and August in rabbits vaccinated in March or April with the heterologous vaccine. Morbidity on farms where lesions occurred only on depilated skin was much lower than on those where generalised forms occurred. In experimental intradermal infections of unvaccinated New Zealand White rabbits, both primary and secondary myxomas occurred earlier in inoculated animals depilated up to five days before or on the day of inoculation; but after six days development of lesions in the depilated area was not observed. The authors advance the hypotheses that the nature ot the spontaneous disease in rabbitries is dependant on the residual level of post-vaccinal immunity. Where this is high, myxomatosis does not occur. Where it is low classical myxomatosis, with numerous lesions on the depilated skin, occurs. Intermediate levels of immunity are able to restrict the development of myxomas to the depilated area. Résumé— Des nodules cutanés, se développant exclusivement sur le dos de quelques animaux récemment épilés, ont été observés en 1988 dans 47 élevages de lapins angora. L'isolement viral, la microscopie électronique, la transmission expérimentale et la comparaison avec l'infection expérimentale par des souches de virus myxomateux ont permis de montrer qu'il s'agissait d'une forme particulière de myxomatose. La maladie était principalement observée en juillet et août sur des lapins vaccinés en mars et avril avec un vaccin hétérologue. La morbidité dans les élevages atteins était significativement inférieure à celle constatée dans les élevages affectés par des formes classiques de myxomatose. L'infection expérimentale de lapins néo-zélandais non vaccinés a montré que le développement des myxomes était plus précoce lorsque les animaux étaient épilés cinq jours avant ou le jour de l'inoculation; mais aucune lésion ne fut observée dans la zone épilée lorsque l'épilation avait lieu plus de six jours après l'inoculation. Les auteurs émettent l'hypothèse que l'aspect de la maladie dépend du niveau résiduel de l'immunité post-vaccinale. Si ce niveau est élevé, la maladie n'apparaît pas. S'il est insuffisant, on observe une forme classique de myxomatose, avec en plus de nombreux myxomes dans la zone cutanée épilée. Une immunité intermédiaire limite le développement des myxomes aux zones cutanées épilées. Zusammenfassung— Das Auftreten von Nodula auf der Haut von enthaarten Angorakaninchen wurde 1988 in 47 Kaninchenfarmen untersucht. Durch Virusisolierung, elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen, Übertragungsversuche und den Vergleich mit experimentellen Infektionen mit bekannten Myxomavirusstämmen konnte bestätigt werden, daß es sich bei der Erkrankung urn Myxomatose handelte. Die Ekrankung trat vor allem im Juli und August bei Kaninchen auf, die im März oder April mit heterologen Vakzinen geimpft worden waren. Die Morbidität in Betrieben, wo die Veränderungen nur auf enthaarter Haut auftraten, war viel niedriger als bei denen, wo generalisierte Formen auftraten. Bei experimentellen intradermalen Infektionen nicht geimpfter Weiße Neuseeland-Kaninchen traten sowohl primäre wie sekundäre Myxome früher auf bei den inokulierten Tieren, die bis zu fünf Tage vor der Inokulation depiliert worden waren; 6 Tage danach jedoch wurde keine Entwicklung von Veränderungen im depilierton Bereich festgestellt. Die Autoren stellen die Hypothese auf, daß der Grad der natürlichen Erkrankung in Kaninchenhaltungen von dom residualen Spiegel der durch Impfung erzeugten Immunität abhängt. Wo dieser Spiegel hoch ist, tritt die Myxomatose nicht auf. Wo er niedrig ist, kommt es zu der klassischen Myxomatose mit zahlreichen Veränderungen auf der enthaarten Haut. Mittlere Immunitätsspiegel können die Entwicklung der Myxome of enthaarte Gebiete beschränken. Resumen Una erupción nodular producida en la piel de conejos de Angora depilados fue estudiada en 47 granjas de conejos en 1988. El aislamiento de virus, microscopía electrónica, experimentos de transmisión y la comparación con infecciones experimentales usando cultivos conocidos del virus myxoma, confirmaron que la enfermedad era myxomatosis. La enfermedad ocurrió especialmente en julio y agosto en conejos vacunados en marzo o abril con la vacuna heteróloga. En infecciones experimentales intradérmicas de conejos no vacunados New Zealand y Blancos, ambos myxomas, primario y secundario ocurrieron más pronto en animales inoculados depilados hasta unos cinco dias antes o en el día de la inoculacion; pero después de seis días no se observó desarrollo de lesiones en el area depilada. Los autores avanzaron la hipotesis de que la naturaleza de la enfermedad espontánea en rabbitrios es dependiente del nivel residual de inmunidad post-vacunal. Dónde este es elevado no se produce myxomatosis. Dónde es bajo, se produce la clásica myxomatosis con numerosas lesiones en la piel depilada. Niveles intermedios de inmunidad son capaces de restringir el desarrollo de myxomas en el area depilada.  相似文献   

A survey of cattle producers in the Boophilus microplus endemic area of Queensland to determine attitudes to the control of and vaccination against tick fever     

RE BOCK  GW BLIGHT†  TG KINGSTON  AJ de  VOS 《Australian veterinary journal》1995,72(3):88-92

SUMMARY: A survey by mail was used to determine the views of beef producers in the Boophilus microplus endemic area of Queensland on the control of and vaccination against tick fever. Data from 448 questionnaires were analysed, representing 2.7% of beef producers in the survey area. Producers considered buffalo fly ( Haematobia irritans exigua ) infestation as the most important problem whereas tick fever ranked sixth overall. Private veterinarians were regarded as the most important source of information on vaccines for cattle followed by a weekly rural newspaper. From the survey we estimate that about 33% of producers used the tick fever vaccine produced by the Tick Fever Research Centre of Queensland Department of Primary Industries but there were significant (P < 0.05) variations between regions and herds. Large herds (≥ 400 head) in south-east Queensland were the most likely to be vaccinated against tick fever. Of the producers who did not use the vaccine, over 70% replied that there was no need to vaccinate because of the low risk of the disease in their herds. In 52% of unvaccinated herds the treatment of animals with acaricide was considered the most important means of tick fever control and 61% of these herds comprised Bos indicus x Bos taurus or Bos indicus cattle.  相似文献   

Clinical use of positive-pressure ventilation in the horse     

R V Shawley  R E Mandsager 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice》1990,6(3):575-585

Positive-pressure ventilation is used to provide improved ventilatory support during anesthesia in the horse. Because of the horse's size and the physiologic changes it undergoes during anesthesia, however, the use of positive-pressure ventilation does not always provide the improvement seen in smaller species. Careful attention to respiratory rate, inspiratory pressure, and I:E ratio minimizes the negative aspect of IPPV on the cardiovascular system. The goal of future ventilatory techniques will be to improve oxygenation without cardiovascular compromise and to do so at a reasonable cost to the client.  相似文献